Nazir 16b — the Talmud in English

And the Gemara explains: For

Rabbi Eliezer holds

that everyone after completion

[invalidates] seven

it

and

only.

That is: according to Rav Mattana, who holds that unspecified nezirut is thirty days, he invalidates only seven, because he is on the day after completion, since at its beginning we say, “part of the day is like all of it”; and the Sages hold that concerning invalidation we do not say “part of the day is like all of it.”

And according to Bar Padda, according to whom the nezirut ended on the twenty-ninth day, Rabbi Eliezer’s reasoning is because it is after completion, and even the Sages agree with him in this, but they hold that rabbinically he invalidates on the thirtieth day, on account of one who undertook explicitly stated nezirut of thirty days and became impure on the thirtieth day, who invalidates everything.

But when he said

“I am a nazir for thirty days, and became impure”

on the

on the day

the

thirty, he invalidates everything,

as we learned in the Mishna, and

Rabbi Eliezer did not disagree,

since

he said, “complete,”

that is: since he unnecessarily added in his wording and said “thirty days,” although there was no need to add this, for even unspecified nezirut is thirty days, it is as though he said “complete,” so that the law of “part of the day is like all of it” would not apply to them.

“I am a nazir for one hundred days, and became impure on the hundredth day: he invalidates everything; Rabbi Eliezer says: He invalidates only thirty.”

And the whole

is the explanation of the Mishna

as we were occupied with it [with the questions and answers of the Gemara above in the first chapter]

[through the questions and answers of the Gemara above in the first chapter]

according to Bar Padda and Rav Mattana.

Mishna:

One who became a nazirite while he was in a cemetery,

who accepted naziriteship upon himself while he was impure with corpse impurity, [or was impure with another form of corpse impurity and then became a nazirite], is distinct from one who became impure after becoming a nazirite, and he does not bring a sin-offering for impurity when he becomes pure.

And

even

if

he was there [in the cemetery, or had left it but had not yet become pure]

[на кладбище или вышел оттуда, но еще не очистился]

thirty days,

which is the minimum period of naziriteship,

these days do not count

the days during which he was impure

toward the count

of the days of naziriteship—that is, although he remained impure for a period suitable for a complete naziriteship, and we might have said that he is called a “nazirite” insofar as we would require him to bring a sin-offering for impurity and then begin a period of pure naziriteship—this is not so;

and he does not bring a sin-offering for impurity.

Иными словами, они не засчитываются ему в число дней «в отношении того, что далее разъясняет [такова правильная версия текста]: он не приносит жертву за нечистоту».

The following Mishna discusses one who became a nazirite while he was impure, and explains that his law differs from that of a pure nazirite who became impure. For a pure nazirite who became impure brings a sin-offering for impurity—two turtledoves or two young pigeons, one as an offering עולה and one as a sin-offering, and a one-year-old lamb as a guilt-offering—on the eighth day of his impurity. By contrast, one who became a nazirite while impure does not bring a sin-offering for impurity. The beraita in the Gemara further explains that he also does not shave his head on the seventh day, as does an otherwise pure nazirite who became impure.

The ensuing discussion will explain whether the impure person who became a nazirite differs from an otherwise pure nazirite only with regard to these matters, or whether he differs from him in other matters as well.

The reason is that a sin-offering for impurity applies only to a pure nazirite who became impure, and not to one who was impure from the outset. Later, in the beraita on page 18a, this is derived from the verses.

But if

he left

the cemetery and purified himself through sprinkling and immersion,

and entered—even on the day of his purification, which is the seventh day —

the cemetery and became impure there:

then they

count toward his total,

that is, that seventh day counts toward the days of his naziriteship, and he is consequently a pure nazirite who became impure,

and

therefore

he brings

он

a sin-offering for impurity.

Rabbi Eliezer says,

disputing the words of the first tanna, who holds that even if he counted only one day of pure naziriteship, he brings a sin-offering for impurity:

not

if he entered the cemetery

on the very day

on which he became pure; rather, only if he entered on the day after his purification or later does he invalidate the first two days and bring a sin-offering for impurity.

And because

it is stated: “

And the first days shall fall away,”

this teaches that he does not invalidate what he has already counted

until he has first days [at least two days] of pure naziriteship—namely, the end of his day of purification and the beginning of the day of impurity. But if he entered the cemetery on the first day of his purification, he does not invalidate the first day that he counted; rather, it joins the twenty-nine days that he will complete for his naziriteship after he becomes pure.

назирейства в чистоте — то есть конца дня очищения и начала дня нечистоты. Но если он вошел на кладбище в первый день своего назирейства в чистоте, он не аннулирует первый отсчитанный им день, и этот день присоединяется к двадцати девяти дням, которые он завершит после очищения.

He also does not bring a sin-offering for impurity until two days have passed, for whenever “and the first days shall fall away” is not fulfilled, “and on the eighth day he shall bring two turtledoves, etc.” is not fulfilled.

Gemara:

It was stated:

One who became a nazirite while he was in a cemetery:

Rabbi Yoḥanan said: His naziriteship takes effect upon him

immediately for every matter, and he is liable for lashes while he is still in the cemetery for the impurity to which he continues to expose himself there, if they warned him to leave and he did not leave, and he is likewise liable for lashes when he violates the other prohibitions of a nazirite. When he becomes pure from his impurity, he does not need to accept naziriteship upon himself a second time.

And Reish Lakish said: His naziriteship does not take effect upon him

until he becomes pure. Once he becomes pure, he accepts naziriteship upon himself and becomes a nazirite; and until he becomes pure, he is not liable for lashes for violating the prohibitions of a nazirite.

The Gemara explains their dispute:

Rabbi Yoḥanan said: His naziriteship takes effect upon him,

for he

holds: It is suspended and standing [his naziriteship is suspended and remains in force]. That is, the law of pure naziriteship with regard to bringing a sin-offering for impurity [if he becomes impure again] is suspended and remains in force until he leaves the cemetery and becomes pure—

то есть закон о назирействе в чистоте в отношении принесения жертвы за нечистоту [если он снова осквернится] остается в силе до тех пор, пока он не выйдет с кладбища и не очистится —

and once it finds purity, it takes effect, [once it finds purity, it takes effect], meaning: when he leaves there and becomes pure, and his pure naziriteship finds an opportunity to take effect with regard to the law requiring a sin-offering for impurity, since he is already pure, it takes effect automatically, and he does not need to accept naziriteship upon himself a second time.

то есть когда он выйдет оттуда и очистится, назирейство в чистоте в отношении обязанности принести жертву за нечистоту найдет место для применения, поскольку он уже чист, и оно распространяется на него само собой; ему не нужно заново принимать на себя назирейство.

And Reish Lakish said: His naziriteship does not take effect upon him

while he is impure, until he becomes pure; and only

if he then returns and says [if he returns and says, “When I become pure”] that his naziriteship should take effect upon him, does it

что назирейство должно распространиться на него, тогда оно

take effect upon him [his naziriteship takes effect upon him],

[назирут распространяется на него];

but if not

if he does not say again, when he becomes pure, that his naziriteship should take effect upon him,

it does not

take effect upon him.

Rabbi Yoḥanan challenged Reish Lakish

from our Mishna:

One who became a nazirite while he was in a cemetery, even if he was there for thirty days, they do not count toward his total, and he does not bring a sin-offering for impurity.

The Gemara infers:

It is a sin-offering for impurity that he does not bring

[he does not bring only a sin-offering for impurity];

but

the naziriteship itself

does take effect upon him,

so that he is liable for lashes for each of the prohibitions of a nazirite; and this contradicts you, since you hold that naziriteship does not take effect upon him until he becomes pure!?

He said to him,

Reish Lakish to Rabbi Yoḥanan:

He is not subject to impurity

for his naziriteship has not taken effect upon him at all, and he is not a nazirite who became impure,

and

therefore

he is not subject to an offering

of impurity.

He challenged him

to Reish Lakish, who holds that naziriteship does not take effect immediately upon an impure person who accepted naziriteship while impure:

One who was impure and became a nazirite is prohibited from shaving, drinking wine, and becoming impure through contact with the dead; and if he shaved, drank wine, or became impure through contact with the dead, he receives forty lashes.

Granted, if you say that it takes effect

the naziriteship immediately, in accordance with Rabbi Yoḥanan,

this is the reason that he receives forty lashes,

that is, it is understandable that we learned that he receives forty lashes.

But if you say

in accordance with Reish Lakish, that

it does not take effect

the naziriteship immediately,

why does he receive forty lashes

if he violated the prohibitions of a nazirite before becoming pure and accepting naziriteship upon himself!?