Yoma 57a (נז.) — the Talmud in English

Now you are certainly impure [

you are now certainly impure, and therefore the Divine Presence does not rest among you],

for

this is what

is written: “Her impurity”—

of the Congregation of Israel—

“is in her skirts”

at its end; that is, now [RaaL].

He said to him

Rabbi Ḥanina to that heretic:

Come and see [

come and see]

what is written concerning them

in regard to Israel:

“Who dwells with them amid their impurity”:

even when they are impure, the Divine Presence rests among them.

And here the Gemara returns to the beraita that it cited. We learned from the verse “And so shall he do for the Tent of Meeting” that all the sprinklings of the bull and the goat inside are to be performed likewise in the Tent of Meeting; and we ask:

But can a matter learned through a hekesh

that is, the number of sprinklings above for the bull, which is not written explicitly concerning it and is learned through a hekesh from the goat, and the number of sprinklings below for the goat, which is not written explicitly concerning it and is learned through a hekesh from the bull [as above, on 55a, from “As he did with the blood of the bull”]—

return and teach

the number of sprinklings in the Sanctuary—

through a hekesh

from “And so shall he do for the Tent of Meeting”?!

But we have an established principle concerning sacrificial matters: A matter learned through a hekesh cannot return and teach through another hekesh.

And we answer:

This

teaching by which we learned one from the other concerning the bull and the goat—since it does not teach the fundamental law of the sprinklings [for the sprinklings themselves are written explicitly for each one], but only the number of sprinklings, this teaching is called:

from it [

it is learned from itself],

and

with the assistance of a hekesh from

another matter [

the sprinkling itself is derived from it, while its number is derived through a hekesh from elsewhere],

and

this teaching

is not a “hekesh,”

and therefore it can return and teach through a hekesh.

And we still ask:

This works according to the one who says

“from it and another matter”

is not a hekesh; but according to the one who says that it is a hekesh, what can be said?!

And we answer:

It is the “places” that are learned one from the other—

That is, the first hekesh, concerning the number of sprinklings, compares the entities of the bull and the goat with one another, so that the law of one is like the law of the other. The second hekesh, however, compares the places—that is, the Holy of Holies and the Sanctuary—so that the sprinklings in one place are like those in the other place. Therefore, since the place of the Holy of Holies did not learn anything from the hekesh, it can teach through a hekesh concerning another “place,” whose law will be like its own.

Alternatively,

the sprinklings performed

“outside” [

in the Sanctuary]

from “inside” [

in the Holy of Holies]

are learned in a single instance [

at one time and as one unit];

he learned—

That is, since one can learn from outside to inside with regard to those sprinklings explicitly written concerning the inside [the seven below for the bull and the one above for the goat], one can consequently learn from it at the same time even the sprinklings that were themselves learned for the inside through a hekesh.

It was taught: When he sprinkles

in the Sanctuary,

he does not sprinkle on the curtain

itself, as stated in the Mishna,

but opposite the curtain.

Rabbi Elazar bar Rabbi Yosei said

that he sprinkles on the curtain itself, for

I saw it

the curtain

in Rome, and there were many drops of blood of the bull and goat of Yom Kippur on it.

And we ask:

But

how did he know that those drops of blood that he saw were the blood of the bull and goat of Yom Kippur?

Perhaps

they were the blood of

the bull for an unwitting communal transgression and

the blood of

the goats for idolatry that

were

there?!

And we answer:

He saw

Rabbi Elazar

that they were arranged in their proper order—eight sprinklings, one beneath the other—and necessarily they were those of the bull and goat of Yom Kippur.

eight sprinklings, one beneath the other; and necessarily they were those of the bull and goat of Yom Kippur.

And it was likewise taught concerning the bull for an unwitting communal transgression [

and the goats for idolatry

according to Dikdukei Soferim]],

in a similar manner: When he sprinkles, they do not touch the curtain, but if they touch it, they touch it.

Rabbi Elazar bar Rabbi Yosei said:

But

I saw it

the curtain

in Rome,

and there were many

drops of blood of the bull for an unwitting communal transgression and the goats for idolatry on it.

And we ask:

But perhaps they were those of the bull and goat of Yom Kippur?!

And we answer:

He saw them

Rabbi Elazar

arranged not in their proper order.

The Gemara now discusses cases in which blood became mixed. A. If

there became mixed for him

for the High Priest in a single basin

blood

of the bull

with blood

of the goat, before he had performed any of the applications of either of them inside , what does he do?

Rava said: He gives

from the mixture one sprinkling

above and seven

sprinklings

below, and it counts for him for both purposes,

for the blood of both of them was present in the sprinklings he performed.

They stated

Rava’s teaching, who was from Babylonia,

before Rabbi Yirmeya

who was from the Land of Israel.

He said

Rabbi Yirmeya recited this verse concerning him:

“Babylonian fools! Because you live in a land of darkness, you pronounce dark teachings” [

Foolish Babylonians: because they live in a dark land, in a valley, they state obscure teachings] !

For

here

it emerges that he

is giving

the sprinkling

above of the goat before [

before] the sprinkling

below of the bull; and

this is not valid, because

the Torah said: “And he shall finish atoning for the Sanctuary” ,

which implies: “He shall complete the atonements as they are prescribed in the passage” [Rashi], teaching you:

He shall complete the blood of the bull and only afterward complete the blood of the goat

and in the order in which it is written in the Torah [see note ].

But

Rabbi Yirmeya did not say

that this is what he should do:

He gives

from the mixture one sprinkling

above and seven

sprinklings

below in the name of the bull, and he again gives

from the mixture

one above and seven below in the name of the goat.

B. If

there became mixed for him

in a single basin

blood with blood in the final applications,

that is, they became mixed after he had already made one application above from the bull, what does he do?

Rav Pappa thought to say before Rava:

He

gives

from the mixture

seven below in the name of both the bull and the goat, and he again gives

from the mixture one sprinkling

above in the name of the goat.

Rava said to him: Until now they called us

the people of the Land of Israel:

“Fools,”

but now

they will call us:

“Fools of fools,”

for

we are

teaching them [

we are teaching them]

and

nevertheless

they do not learn [

they do not learn]!

For this solution too is not correct, because

here he is giving

the sprinkling

below of the goat before

the sprinkling

above of the goat, and

the

Torah said: “Give

the sprinklings

above and only afterward

give

below,”

and the Torah said: “And he shall finish atoning for the Sanctuary,” to perform them in the order stated in the Torah.