Pesachim 102b — the Talmud in English

And when

they finished

their meal, they bring him two cups.

With the first cup he recites the blessing of Grace after Meals.

And with the second he recites the sanctification of the day.

And we inquire with regard to Rabbi Yosei:

Why

does he need two separate cups for Grace after Meals and for kiddush?

And let him recite both of them over one cup!

Granted, according to Rabbi Yehuda this is not difficult: since he interrupts by removing the table between kiddush and Grace after Meals, he needs two cups. And we answer:

Rav Huna said that Rav Sheshet said: One does not recite two sanctifications

two mitzvot

over one cup!

And the Gemara explains:

What is the reason?

Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: Because one does not make mitzvot “bundles upon bundles,”

for it appears as though they are a burden upon him, that he is hurrying to unload his burden, and the mitzvot appear like bundles of a load that he unloads from his shoulder.

And we challenge:

And

when

not

have we found that two sanctifications are recited over one cup?

But it was taught in a beraita: One who enters his home on the conclusion of Shabbat —

recites a blessing over the wine

first, when he performs havdala [because the blessing over the wine is more frequent than the other blessings of havdala, and that which is more frequent takes precedence over that which is not more frequent].

And

afterward he recites a blessing

over the luminary

“Who creates the lights of the fire.”

And

afterward he recites a blessing

over the spices [

This beraita is according to Beit Shammai, while Beit Hillel holds that the blessing over the spices comes before the luminary, as is our custom].

And afterward he recites havdala over the cup,

because it is a long blessing, whereas the other blessings are short blessings; therefore, he recites it last.

And if he has only one cup

and no wine will remain for the cup of Grace after Meals after his meal on the conclusion of Shabbat—

he leaves it until after the meal, and strings them together [

from the expression “chain”], joining them

all—

after it!

For he recites all the blessings after Grace after Meals, over that same cup.

Thus, two blessings are recited over one cup, namely, havdala and Grace after Meals?!

And we answer:

He has none—

that is different!

If he has only one cup, he is permitted to recite two sanctifications over one cup. And what we said—that one may not recite two sanctifications over one cup—applies when he has wine for two cups.

But it is still difficult:

But

the night of

the first day of the Festival

of Passover

that occurs after Shabbat, when he has

wine, since every Israelite has sufficient wine, for even a poor person in Israel is given wine for four cups,

and Rav said: “YaKNeH.”

that the order of the blessings is wine, kiddush, candle, havdala [whose initial letters are YaKNeH]. And it was assumed that he is speaking of the night of the first day of the Festival of Passover that occurs on the conclusion of Shabbat.

Thus, even though he has wine, he is permitted to recite two blessings, namely kiddush and havdala, over one cup? And we answer:

They said: Since Rav did not say

Rav

“zeman,”

that he did not mention in the order of the blessings also the blessing of Sheheḥeyanu, which is recited on the first night of Passover,

it follows that he was dealing with the seventh day of Passover,

when Sheheḥeyanu is not recited.

Perhaps he is poor,

for whatever he had

already

he consumed it

throughout all the days of the Festival,

and he has none.

Nothing now remains for him except one cup of wine. Therefore, he is permitted to recite two blessings over one cup.

It is still difficult:

But

the night of

the first day of the Festival

of Passover,

when he has

wine,

and Abaye said: “YaKZaNaH.”

The order is: wine, kiddush, zeman, candle, havdala.

And Rava said: “YaKNeHaZ”—

wine, kiddush, candle, havdala, zeman.

And their statements were said concerning the night of the first day of the Festival of Passover, for they also mentioned zeman.

Thus, kiddush and havdala are recited over one cup even when he has wine! And we answer:

Rather, havdala and kiddush are one matter,

because the subject of both of them is the sanctity of the Festival [for in havdala too he mentions the sanctity of the Festival, saying: “Blessed is the One who distinguishes between the holy and the holy”], and therefore he is permitted to recite them over one cup.

But

Grace after Meals and kiddush—

they are two matters,

and one may not recite them over one cup. Therefore, Rabbi Yosei requires two cups above, for kiddush and Grace after Meals.

The matter itself:

the night of

a Festival that occurs after Shabbat—

Rav said: “YaKNeH.”

For kiddush comes before havdala, because the sanctity of the day is preferable to havdala, or because if he performs havdala first, the matter will appear as though the sanctity of the day of Shabbat is a burden upon him, that he is hurrying to be rid of it. Therefore, the blessing over the wine is first, as in every kiddush, for the wine comes before kiddush because the blessing over the wine is more frequent than kiddush. And after kiddush he recites [over] the candle and havdala, as in every havdala, for the candle comes before havdala.

And Shmuel said: “YiNaK.”

For he holds that havdala comes before kiddush, as he explains below: It is analogous to a king who departs and a ruler who enters: first one escorts the king, and afterward one goes out to meet the ruler. So too, Shabbat is more important than the Festival, and one escorts it first through havdala. Therefore, he recites wine, candle, havdala, according to the order in every havdala, and afterward kiddush.