Bekhorot 54a — the Talmud in English

The Gemara asks:

We find

[we have learned]

wine and oil

that one does not separate from one for the other, for the Torah distinguished the produce of this one and the produce of that one, and we likewise find oil and grain, for the Torah gave the produce of this one and the produce of that one, but

wine and grain,

or

grain and grain

[such as wheat and barley], which the Torah did not distinguish, but included them all under one “produce,”

from where

[do we know] that one does not separate from one for the other?

And the Gemara explains that it is learned by means of

kal va-chomer:

Just as wine and oil

[the seeds of grapevines and the seeds of olives]

which are not kilayim with one another,

nevertheless

are not tithed from one for the other, wine and grain,

or

grain

and grain, which are kilayim with one another,

is it not logical that they should not be tithed from one for the other?

And we still ask:

But according to Rabbi Yoshiyah, who says:

there is no prohibition on account of kilayim

until one sows wheat, barley, and a grape seed in one act of sowing,

but wine and grain alone, or grain and grain alone, are not kilayim by Torah law,

how does he derive it

[how does he learn that one may not separate even from wine for grain and from grain for grain]!?

And we answer: Rabbi Yoshiyah

derives it in this manner

[this is the derivation according to his method]:

Just as wine and oil, which are not kilayim with one another even through another thing, are not tithed from one for the other, wine and grain

or

grain and grain, which are kilayim

with one another through another thing,

for wine together with two kinds of grain are kilayim,

is it not logical that they should not be tithed from one for the other?

The Gemara adds to ask: Indeed, we have learned concerning wine and oil, wine and grain, oil and grain, and grain and grain, that they are not tithed from one for the other,

and

however, the rest of

two species in general—

which are not among these species—

from where do we know

that they are not tithed from one for the other?

And we answer:

These—

the other species—their teruma and tithes

are rabbinic

in general

they are,

for the Torah obligated only grain, wine, and oil,

and whatever the Sages enacted, they enacted in the model of Torah law: just as by Torah law two species are not tithed from one for the other, so too rabbinically

they are not tithed from one for the other.

Said

he challenged

to him, Rav Abba bar Memel, to Rav Ami:

If so—

that two species are not tithed from one for the other because the Torah distinguished the produce of this one and the produce of that one—

with regard to Animal Tithe, where it is not written “‘

And every tithe of cattle and tithe of the flock’”

but rather “And every tithe of cattle and flock” together,