Bekhorot 27a — the Talmud in English

The tanna taught,

and in all of them there is ![](pamud.bmp "

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benefit of discretion for the owners.

And the tanna explains what the benefit of discretion is:

How so? An Israelite who separated teruma from his grain,

and had not yet given it to a kohen.

And another Israelite encountered him and said to him: Here is this sela; give it

the teruma

to my daughter's son

who is a

kohen—

it is permitted

to do so.

But if he was a kohen

saying to an Israelite: Here is this sela, and give

to a kohen

who is my relative the teruma that you separated—

it is forbidden.

Because the teruma is fit for that kohen himself, and the matter appears like a kohen who assists in the threshing floor.

And we challenge this:

And the tanna

of the beraita, who said that in all of them there is benefit of discretion for the owners, and afterward explained, “How so? An Israelite who separated teruma,”

what is the reason he did not say

also

priestly gifts,

such as a slaughterer who separated his gifts, and a shepherd to whom firstborn animals were born?

And we answer:

He can say to you: Teruma—

the reason that the benefit of discretion in it is permitted is

because it has sanctity of the body.

Since it does not become profaned,

for it always remains in its sanctity,

people will not come

to

mistake concerning it

and think that the money given for it profaned the sanctity of the teruma.

But

these

priestly gifts,

which have sanctity of monetary value,

for if the kohen wishes to sell the shoulder, cheeks, and stomach to an Israelite he may, since they do not have sanctity of the body [which are permitted to be eaten by a non-kohen],

they will come to err concerning them.

For it is possible that he

thinks

the one who gave the money to the kohen:

Their sanctity will become profaned for the four zuz

that he gave the kohen for them,

and he will treat them with the treatment of ordinary produce,

by not eating them in a manner of greatness and honor, roasted and with mustard; therefore there is no benefit of discretion for the owners.

By Torah law, the obligation of separating terumot and tithes applies only in the Land of Israel. And the prophets who were present at the time of the destruction of the First Temple instituted that terumot and tithes should also be separated in Babylonia, because it is adjacent to the Land of Israel.

And the Sages who lived after the generation of Ezra instituted that they should apply also in the Land of Egypt and in the lands of Ammon and Moab, because they surround the Land of Israel.

Below in the discussion are several laws in which they were lenient regarding teruma of outside the Land, as compared with teruma of the Land of Israel.

Rava said: Teruma of outside the Land,

whose obligation is rabbinic—

there is no concern in it of a kohen who assists in the threshing floor.

For it is not so stringent.

Rav Hama gave it to his attendant.

He would give teruma to his attendant, who was a kohen, as his wages.

Shmuel said: Teruma of outside the Land is nullified in a majority

of ordinary produce. This is unlike teruma by Torah law, which is nullified in one hundred and one. And this teruma, which was nullified in a majority, is permitted to a non-kohen.

Rabba,

who was a kohen, would

nullify

the teruma of outside the Land

in a majority. And he would eat it during his days of impurity.

Rav Huna son of Rav Yehoshua, when priestly wine happened upon him,

when he had wine from teruma of outside the Land,

he would pour,

he would put into one vessel

two nitlei

two cups of ordinary wine

and one nital

and one cup of wine

of teruma.

That is, he would mix two portions of ordinary wine with one portion of teruma wine.

And from this point onward, he would pour one and remove one.

He would take from that mixture in the vessel one cup of wine, and place in the vessel one other cup of teruma wine. And in this manner he would nullify all the teruma.

And Shmuel said: Teruma of outside the Land—

one eats and proceeds, and afterward separates.

For he leaves aside the amount of teruma from what he eats, and separates it after eating.

And Shmuel said: Teruma of outside the Land is forbidden only to one whose impurity issues from his body.

They are: those who experienced a seminal emission, men and women with a flux, menstruating women, and women after childbirth. But one impure from a corpse and one impure from a creeping creature may eat it.

And these words

that it is forbidden when the impurity issues from the body apply—

to eating. But with regard to touching, we have no concern.

Even though he renders it impure, we do not care, since he is not warned to guard it so that he not render it impure.

Ravina said: Therefore,

since we have learned that touching is permitted, a woman who is impure as a

menstruant—

may separate hallah for herself!

She may separate hallah from the dough.

And a minor kohen may eat it for her

who has not yet experienced a seminal emission and has not become impure through an impurity issuing from his body.

And if there is no minor kohen—

she takes it

the hallah that became impure through her

with the head of a shovel

[the utensil with which coals are taken]

and throws it into the oven.

She should throw it into the oven by means of the utensil with which she usually takes coals, in order to avoid as much as possible touching the impurity.

And afterward—

she separates another hallah!

For the Sages instituted that she separate an additional hallah,

so that the teaching of hallah not be forgotten. And she may eat it

the other hallah even

a kohen gadol

who has reached the age of mitzvot. For the other hallah has no sanctity, and its entire obligation of separation derives from the enactment that the teaching of hallah not be forgotten.

Rav Nahman, Rav Amram, and Rami bar Hama were traveling on a ship,

they were traveling in a boat.

Rav Amram went up to relieve himself

for his needs.

That woman came and stood before them. She said to them: One impure from a corpse—

what is the law: may he immerse and eat teruma of outside the Land

immediately after his immersion, before sunset?

Rav Nahman said to Rami bar Hama: