Bava Batra 118b — the Talmud in English

They said to him: We are descended from Joseph, over whom the evil eye has no power.

:

как написано (

,

«Сын плодовитого Йосефа, сын плодовитого у источника глаза»,

And Rabbi Abbahu said: Do not read:

“superior over the eye,”

that is, they rise above the eye and exercise control over it, while the eye does not rise over them.

Рабби Йоси, сын рабби Ханины, сказал: вот откуда (

,

«И пусть они расплодятся, как рыбы, среди земли».

:

Just as fish in the sea are covered by water, and the eye has no power over them, so too, the descendants of Joseph are beyond the power of the eye.

):

“The spies—their portions were taken by Joshua and Caleb.”

:

откуда это следует

from where do we know that Joshua and Caleb took the portion of the spies]?

Ула сказал: Писание говорит (

,

Ulla said: The verse states:

“But Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh remained alive of those men.” :

What is the meaning of “remained alive”?

Если сказать, что они действительно остались живы, ведь в другом стихе написано (

,

«И не осталось из них ни одного человека, кроме Калева, сына Йефунне, и Иехошуа, сына Нуна»,

?If you say that it means that they literally remained alive, but another verse states:

“And not a single man remained of them, except Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son of Nun,” why do I need two verses to teach the same thing?

. Rather, what is the meaning of “remained alive”? It means that they lived through the portion

of the spies. :

: : But we learned further: “The complainers and the assembly of Korah had no portion in the Land.”

The Gemara raises an objection:

ведь в барайте сказано

But it was taught in a beraita:

“The spies, the complainers, and the assembly of Korah—their portions were taken by Joshua and Caleb.”

:

The Gemara answers: This is not difficult!

Один учитель приравнивает роптавших к разведчикам,

One tanna compares the complainers to the spies, and just as Joshua and Caleb took the portion of the spies, so they took the portion of the complainers.

А

другой учитель не приравнивает роптавших к разведчикам.

And another tanna does not compare the complainers to the spies. He maintains that the complainers had no portion in the Land, and all the tribes received their portions.

?

:

в разделе о дочерях Целофхада сказано (Числа 27:3):

«Наш отец умер в пустыне» — это Целофхад,

«и он не был среди общины» — это община разведчиков.

“And he was not in the midst of the assembly”—this refers to the assembly of the spies. It is stated concerning them:

“How long will it be for this evil assembly?”

'". “Who gathered together against the Lord”—these are the complainers among the assembly of Korah, as will be explained below, concerning whom it is stated: '". “Therefore you and all your assembly who are gathered together against the Lord.”

“In the assembly of Korah”—as its plain meaning indicates.

Thus, the complainers and the spies are mentioned in a single verse.

:

And the tannaim disagree on this point: One tanna compares the complainers to the spies, while another tanna does not compare the complainers to the spies. At this point, the Gemara assumes that “the complainers” are those mentioned in the episode of the complainers:

“The people complained against Moses, saying: What shall we drink?” These complainers constituted most of the Jewish people.

Рав Папа сказал Абаю: а согласно тому, кто приравнивает роптавших к разведчикам,

Rav Pappa said to Abaye: And according to the one who compares the complainers to the spies, and maintains that Joshua and Caleb inherited even the portion of the complainers,

разве

Иехошуа и Калев удвоились и унаследовали

and inherited]

всю Землю Израиля

? ? Did Joshua and Caleb then double their inheritance and inherit and inherit] the entire Land of Israel [not literally the entire Land, but most of the Land of Israel]? Yet we have an established tradition that they did not inherit even one one-thousandth of the Land of Israel?

Он сказал ему: мы говорим о роптавших из общины Кораха.

He said to him: We are referring to the complainers among the assembly of Korah. That is, the two hundred and fifty men who gathered against the Lord together with Korah.

И

еще

рав Папа сказал Абаю: понятно, согласно тому, кто говорит: «Земля была разделена между вышедшими из Египта», — поэтому написано

:

Rav Pappa further said to Abaye: Granted, according to the one who says that the Land was apportioned to those who left Egypt, this is the meaning of what is written

after the daughters of Zelophehad had taken their portion: “And ten portions fell to Manasseh.”

That is, six,

six portions,

corresponding to the six paternal households

among the descendants of Manasseh mentioned there: the descendants of Abiezer, the descendants of Helek, the descendants of Asriel, the descendants of Shechem, the descendants of Hepher, and the descendants of Shemida.

И четыре

части

их

.

And four

portions belonging to them, . which the daughters of Zelophehad took: namely, Zelophehad’s portion, since he had been among those who left Egypt; two portions from Hepher’s property; and the portion of Hepher’s brother, who had left Egypt and died in the wilderness, with the daughters taking Zelophehad’s portion in their uncle’s property, as will be explained below. That makes ten.

, , But according to the one who says, “the Land was apportioned to those who entered the Land,” and Zelophehad did not receive a portion on his own account, but only through reversion, as will be explained below,

there were only

eight portions,

as follows.

:

шесть, шесть отцовских домов,

And they are:

six, corresponding to the six paternal households, as above.

части

их

And two

portions belonging to them, which the daughters of Zelophehad took from Hepher’s property through reversion, as above: the descendants of Hepher received a portion upon entering the Land, and that portion reverted to their father Hepher; it was then divided equally among his sons. Since Zelophehad had been the firstborn and receives a double portion, his daughters inherited two portions in his place.

: That makes eight. But how, then, were there ten portions of Manasseh? The Gemara raises a difficulty:

And according to your reasoning, according to the one who says that the Land was apportioned to those who left Egypt,

were there not only

nine?

That is, six portions corresponding to the six paternal households, and three portions taken by the daughters of Zelophehad: their father’s portion, since he had been among those who left Egypt, and two portions from the property of their father Hepher, which they received because their father was the firstborn.

? And where is the tenth portion?

Но что ты скажешь?

Они унаследовали еще одну долю благодаря

одному брату их отца,

который

Rather, what can you say? They inherited an additional portion on account of

one paternal uncle whom they had. ,

то и здесь

можно объяснить согласно тому, кто говорит: «Земля была разделена между вошедшими в нее»:

, If so, here too, according to the one who says that the Land was apportioned to those who entered the Land, it can be answered that they had two paternal uncles,

who died after Hepher’s death without sons. Before their deaths, they had acquired a share in the property of their father Hepher, which had reverted to him from his sons who entered the Land, as stated above; and after their deaths, their other brothers came and divided their portions among themselves.

It follows that the daughters of Zelophehad took four portions: two portions of Hepher’s property, which came to him through reversion, in place of their father Zelophehad, who was the firstborn; and two additional portions from the property of their two paternal uncles who had died.

:

Ибо учили

". And similarly, we find in a beraita that they took the portion of their paternal uncles:

". As it was taught in a beraita: In the Torah’s account of the daughters of Zelophehad it is stated: ". “You shall surely give them a possession of an inheritance among their father’s brothers, and you shall transfer their father’s inheritance to them.” :

. And we expound:

“You shall surely give them”—this is their father’s inheritance; “among their father’s brothers”—this is the inheritance of their paternal grandfather; “and you shall transfer their father’s inheritance to them”—this is the firstborn’s portion.

Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: They also took the portion of their father’s brothers, as it is stated: “You shall surely give.”

This concludes the beraita.

А согласно тому, кто говорит, что у них было два брата отца, это выводится из слов «из владения-наследия».

". And according to the one who says that they had two paternal uncles, that additional portion is derived from

“a possession of an inheritance.” ". For it could have written: “You shall surely give them an inheritance.”

", ]? And Rav Pappa said to Abaye: Regarding the verse ", which states, “And ten portions fell to Manasseh,”

что именно считает

what is it counting? [That is, which portions does the verse count]?

Если он считает членов семей

[то есть всех, кто получил долю из сыновей Менаше],

то их было очень много!

If it is counting dependents [that is, everyone who received a portion from the descendants of Manasseh],

there were many! It should have counted all the brothers of the tribe of Manasseh who took their father’s portion, just as the daughters of Zelophehad did.

And if it is counting paternal households,

there were only

six,

as above.